(Have you read my earlier blog on Gandhi?)
The corporate world and my years administering a resident welfare association taught me a crucial lesson about running any organization: unity, or the absence of conflict, is paramount. In companies, clashes between sales and engineering, or finance and quality, are common. Individuals who can bridge these departmental divides are invaluable. The same holds true for resident welfare associations.
The Enduring Relevance of Unity
Differences are natural in any diverse group; democracy, in particular, demands cooperation despite these disparities. This is precisely where Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy remains profoundly relevant. His mission was to foster unity, and he often compromised, even going to great lengths to enlist a predatory sect into the freedom struggle. Interestingly, his approach to the British wasn't one of an oppressed person confronting an oppressor, but rather a more nuanced, unifying stance.
The impact of his approach is evident when we compare India to other countries that gained independence from the British after World War II. With few exceptions, many of these nations struggled with establishing stable democracies and maintaining unity. Gandhi, however, laid a robust foundation for a democratic and united India, a legacy largely unmatched by other independence movements.
Non-Violence: A Tool for Sustained Mass Movement
While some experts argue that figures like Subhash Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army, or the covert violent acts inspired by Savarkar, were the true catalysts for India's freedom, it's essential to consider the nature of these movements. They were not designed to be, nor could they sustain, mass participation across a vast and diverse country like India.
For Gandhi and the Indian National Congress under his leadership, the struggle for independence had to be a mass movement to endure. Prior to Gandhi, the Congress was largely an elite association disconnected from the common people. It was Gandhi who transformed the freedom struggle into a true people's movement, engaging individuals from all walks of life.
Why a Mass Movement Was Essential
For nearly a millennium, most parts of India had lost their connection with localized governance. Gandhi deeply believed in every individual's participation in governance. He envisioned a true "Swarajya," or self-rule, where people actively shaped their own destiny. While we may still be centuries away from fully realizing this ideal, making the freedom struggle a mass movement was the crucial first step towards that profound goal.
Gandhi was an idealist, complete with his own biases, idiosyncrasies, and even grave mistakes. However, when we assess his legacy, should we judge him on these personal flaws, or on his unparalleled contribution to India's democracy and unity?